The Earth boasts a diverse
array of rocks, which can be categorized according to their origin into three
main types: magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.
Magmatic Rocks：Magmatic rocks, also known
as igneous rocks, are formed through the cooling of magma that has ascended
from the Earth's interior to the surface or close to it. Examples of magmatic
rocks include granite and basalt. The prevailing rock type in the
Irtysh Grand
Canyon is granite.
Sedimentary Rocks：Sedimentary rocks, also
referred to as hydrogenic rocks, are created from weathering materials that are
deposited in bodies of water, primarily oceans and lakes, on the Earth. The cretaceous
rocks exposed on the bank of the Kayierte River are sedimentary rocks. Common
sedimentary rocks include mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, etc.
Metamorphic Rocks：Metamorphic rocks are newly
formed rocks that result from the transformation of pre-existing rocks due to
internal forces within the Earth, such as changes in temperature, pressure,
stress, and chemical composition. A large quantity of metamorphic rocks is
distributed on both sides of the Kayierte River, Keketuohai. Common metamorphic
rocks include phyllite, schist, and marble.
The three main types of
rocks do not always remain the same, and they can transform into one another
under specific conditions.
