The Earth boasts a diverse array of rocks, which can be categorized according to their origin into three main types: magmatic rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.
Magmatic Rocks：Magmatic rocks, also known as igneous rocks, are formed through the cooling of magma that has ascended from the Earth's interior to the surface or close to it. Examples of magmatic rocks include granite and basalt. The prevailing rock type in the Irtysh Grand Canyon is granite.
Sedimentary Rocks：Sedimentary rocks, also referred to as hydrogenic rocks, are created from weathering materials that are deposited in bodies of water, primarily oceans and lakes, on the Earth. The cretaceous rocks exposed on the bank of the Kayierte River are sedimentary rocks. Common sedimentary rocks include mudstone, sandstone, conglomerate, limestone, etc.
Metamorphic Rocks：Metamorphic rocks are newly formed rocks that result from the transformation of pre-existing rocks due to internal forces within the Earth, such as changes in temperature, pressure, stress, and chemical composition. A large quantity of metamorphic rocks is distributed on both sides of the Kayierte River, Keketuohai. Common metamorphic rocks include phyllite, schist, and marble.
The three main types of rocks do not always remain the same, and they can transform into one another under specific conditions.